An In-Vitro Evaluation of Alternative Disinfection Methods of Acrylic resin and Thermoplastic Resin Denture Base Materials

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine for girls- Al-Azhar University.

2 Lecturer of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine for girls- Al-Azhar University.

Abstract

Objectives:
This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of alternative disinfection methods of heat cured acrylic resin and thermoplastic resin denture base materials and to investigate the porosity resulting from disinfection by these methods.
 
Material and Methods: Disc specimens of heat cured acrylic resin and thermoplastic resin were fabricated and divided into four groups for each denture base material according to the disinfection method. The specimens were contaminated in vitro by standardized suspensions of Candida albicans (C. albicans).The following test agents were used: distilled water (as a control group), 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 100% white vinegar and 650 W microwave (MW) energy. After the disinfection procedure, the number of viable microbial cells was counted in CFU/ml. Porosities of acrylic resin and thermoplastic resin specimens were evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) after one month of daily exposure to disinfection.
 
Results: ANOVA test showed that, there was a statistical significant difference among the tested treatment agents against C. albicans in each denture base material(P≤ 0.05). Post Hoc test showed a statistical significant difference between the control samples and the other disinfected samples in the microbial count, however, there was no statistical significant difference among the tested methods of disinfection (P>0.05).Regarding porosity area percentage, there was a statistical significant difference among the tested methods of disinfection (P≤ 0.05), where, 100% white vinegar showed the highest porosities followed by NaOCl then the MW disinfection and the least is the control group. Regarding comparison between the two denture base materials, thermoplastic resin showed statistically significant lower microbial adherence as well as lower porosity area percentage than heat cured acrylic resin(P≤ 0.05).
 
Conclusion: All the tested disinfection methods shown to be efficient against C. albicans. Thermoplastic resin demonstrated lower microbial adherence than heat cured acrylic resin and lower porosity area percentages.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. Yildirim-Bicer AZ, Peker I, Akca G, Celik I. In vitro
antifungal evaluation of seven different disinfectants on
acrylic resins. Biomed Res Int 2014; 1-9.
2.
 
de Andrade IM1, Cruz PC, Silva-Lovato CH, de Souza RF,
Souza-Gugelmin MC, ParanhosF
3.
 
Effect of chlorhexidine on denture biofilm accumulation
2012;21:2-6.
4. Singh S, Palaskar JN, Mittal S. Comparative evaluation of
surface porosities in conventional heat polymerized acrylic
resin cured by water bath and microwave energy with
microwavable acrylic resin cured by microwave energy.
Contemp Clin Dent 2013; 4: 147-51.
5.
 
Pires-de-Souza FC, Panzeri H, Vieira MA, Garcia
L-FR, Consani S. Impact and fracture resistance of an
experimental acrylic polymer with elastomer in different
proportions. Mater Res 2009; 12:415-8.
6. Ardelean L, Bortun C, Podariu AC, Rusu LC. Some
Alternatives for classic thermo-polymerisable acrylic
dentures. Materiale Plastice 2012; 49:30-3.
7.
 
Gungor H, Gundogdu M, Duymus ZY. Investigation of
the effect of different polishing techniques on the surface
roughness of denture base and repair materials. J Prosthet
Dent 2014; 112: 1271-7.
8.
 
Mohannad H. Al-Saadi. Effectiveness of chemical and
microwave disinfection on denture biofilm fungi and the
influence of disinfection on denture base adaptation. J
Indian Prosthodont Soc 2014; 14: 24–30.
9. Cenci TP, Del Bel Cury AA, Crielaard W, Ten Cate JM.
Development ofCandida-associated denture stomatitis:
new insights. J Appl Oral Sci 2008; 16:86-94.
10. Gendreau L, Loewy ZG. Epidemiology and etiology of
denture stomatitis. J Prosthodont 2011; 20:251-60.
11.
 
Oliveira H, Silva-Lovato C, De Souza R, Cruz, De Freitas-
Pontes KM, Watanabe E. Effect of three methods for
cleaning dentures on biofilms formed in vitro on acrylic
resin. J Prosthodont 2009; 18: 427–31.
12. Kulak Y, Arikan A, Kazazoglu. Existence of Candida
albicans and microorganisms in denture stomatitis patients.
J Oral Rehabil1997; 24:788–90.
13.
 
Jagger D C, Harrison A. Denture cleansing - the best
approach. Br Dent J 1995; 178:413-7.
14.
 
ParanhosHde F, Davi LR, Peracini A, Soares RB, Lovato
CH, Souza RF. Comparison of physical and mechanical
 
properties of microwave-polymerized acrylic resin after
disinfection in sodium hypochlorite solutions. Braz Dent
J 2009; 20: 331-5.
15.
 
Nakahara T, Harada A, Yamada Y, Odashima Y, Nakamura
K, Inagaki R, et al. Influence of a new denture cleaning
technique based on photolysis of H2O2 the mechanical
properties and color change of acrylic denture base resin.
Dent Mater J 2013; 32:529-36.
16. Pinto T,Neves A,Leão M, Jorge. Vinegar as an antimicrobial
agent for control of Candida spp. In complete denture
wearers. J Appl Oral Sci 2008;16:385-90.
17. Peracini A, Regis RR, Souza RF, Pagnano VO, Silva
CH, Paranhos HF. Alkaline peroxides versus sodium
hypochlorite for removing denture biofilm: A crossover
randomized trial. Braz Dent J 2016; 27:700-4.
18. Nascimento MS, Silva N, Catanozi MP, Silva KC. Effects
of different disinfection treatment on the natural microbiota
of lettuce. J Food Prot 2003; 66:1697-700.
19. Sesma N, Rocha AL, Laganá DC, Costa B, Morimoto
S. Effectiveness of denture cleanser associated with
microwave disinfection and brushing of complete dentures:
In vivo study. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:357-61.
20. Silva M, Consani R, Sardi J, Mesquita M, Maceˆdo A,
Takahashi J. Microwave irradiation as an alternative
method for disinfection of denture base acrylic resins.
Minerva Stomatol 2013; 62:23-9.
21. Altieri K, Sanita´ P, Machado A, Giampaolo E, Pavarina
A,Vergani C. Effectiveness of two disinfectant solutions and
microwave irradiation in disinfecting complete dentures
contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus. J Am Dent Assoc 2012; 143:270–7.
22. Dovigo L, Pavarina A, Ribeiro D, de Oliveira J, VerganiC,
Machado A. Microwave disinfection of complete dentures
contaminated in vitro with selected bacteria. J Prosthodont
2009;18:611–7.
23. Silva M, Mima E, Colombo A, Sanita´ P, Jorge J,
MassucatoE, Vergani C. Comparison of denture microwave
disinfection and conventional antifungal therapy in
the treatment of denture stomatitis: A randomized
clinical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral
Radiol2012;114:469–79.
24. Sanita P, Machado A, Pavarina A, Massucato E, Colombo
A,Vergani C. Microwave denture disinfection versus
nystatinin treating patients with well-controlled type 2
diabetes and denture stomatitis: A randomized clinical
trial. Int J Prosthodont 2012; 25:232–44.
25. Nirale RM, Thombre R, Kubasad G. Comparative
evaluation of sodium hypochlorite and microwave
disinfection on dimensional stability of denture bases. J
Adv Prosthodont 2012; 4:24–9.
26. Senna P, Da Silva W, Faot F, Del Bel Cury A. Microwave
disinfection: cumulative effect of different power levels on
physical properties of denture base resins. J Prosthodont
2011; 20:606–12.
27. Basso M, Giampaolo E, Vergani C, Machado A, Pavarina
A,Compagnoni M. Influence of microwave disinfection
onthe linear dimensional stability of complete dentures: a
clinical study. Int J Prosthodont 2010; 23:318–20.
28. Klironomos T, Katsimpali A, Polyzois G. The effect of
microwave disinfection on denture base polymers, liners
and teeth: A basic overview.ActaStomatol Croat 2015;
49(3): 242–53.
29.
 
Mohammed HS, Singh S, Hari PA, Amarnath GS, Kundapur
V, Pasha N, et al. Evaluate the effect of commercially
available denture cleansers on surface hardness and
roughness of denture liners at various time intervals. Int J
Biomed Sci 2016; 12: 130–42.
30. Radford DR, Sweet SP, Challacombe SJ, Walter JD.
Adherence of Candida albicans to denture-base materials
with different surface finishes. J Dent 1998;26:577–83.
31. Al-Fouzan AF, Al-mejrad LA, Albarrag AM. Adherence
of
 
Candida to complete denture surfaces in vitro: A
comparison of conventional and CAD/CAM complete
dentures. J AdvProsthodont2017; 9: 402–8.
32. Verran J, Maryan CJ. Retention of Candida albicans on
acrylic resin and silicone of different surface topography. J
Prosthet Dent 1997;77:535-9.
33.
 
Ramage G, Martínez JP, López-Ribot JL. Candida biofilms
on implanted biomaterials: a clinically significant problem.
FEMS Yeast Res 2006;6:979–86.
34. Al-Khafagy M, Al-Musawi R, Al- Aboudy A. The effect
of using modified flask on the porosity of processed heat
 
cure
acrylic resin. IJSBAR 2013; 12: 189-7.
35. KasinaS , AjazT, AttiliS , Surapaneni
 
H , CherukuriM
,Srinath HP. To evaluate and compare the porosities in
the acrylic mandibular denture bases processed by two
different polymerization techniques, using two different
brands of commercially available denture base resins - an
in vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2014; 6: 72–7.
36.
 
Paranhos HFO, Peracini A, Pisani MX, Oliveira VC, Souza
RF, Silva-Lovato CH. Color stability, surface roughness
 
and flexural strength of an acrylic resin submitted to
simulated overnight immersion in denture cleansers. Braz
Dent J 2013;24: 152-6.
37.
 
Köroğlu A, Şahin O, Dede DÖ, Deniz ŞT, Karacan Sever
N, Özkan S
 
. Efficacy of denture cleaners on the surface
roughness and Candida albicans adherence of sealant
agent coupled denture base materials.Dent Mater J 2016;
35:810-6.
38. Ribeiro DG, Pavarina AC, Dovigo LN, Machado AL,
Giampaolo ET, Vergani CE. Prevalence of Candida spp.
associated with bacteria species on complete dentures.
Gerodontology 2012;29:203-8.
39. Jackson S, Coulthwaite L, Loewy Z, Scallan A, Verran
J
 
. Biofilm development by blastospores and hyphae
of Candida albicans on abradeddenture acrylic resin
surfaces.J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112:988-93.
40.
 
Işeri U, Uludamar A, Ozkan YK. Effectiveness of different
cleaning agents on the adherence of Candida albicans to
acrylic denture base resin. Gerodontology 2011; 28: 271-6.
41.
 
Sorgini DB, Silva-Lovato CH, Souza RF, Davi LR,
Paranhos HFO. Abrasiveness of conventional and specific
denture cleansing dentifrices. Braz Dent J 2012; 23: 154-9.
42. Elmorsy AE, Ibraheem EM, Ela AA, Fahmy A, Nassani
MZ
 
. Do flexible acrylic resin lingual flanges improve
retention of mandibular complete dentures? J Int SocPrev
Community Dent 2015; 5:365-71.
43. Da Silva FC, Kimpara ET, Mancini MN, Balducci I,
Jorge AO, Koga-Ito CY. Effectiveness of six different
disinfectants on removing five microbial species and
effects on the topographic characteristics of acrylic resin. J
Prosthodont 2008; 17: 627-33.
44.
 
Salles MM, Oliveira VC, Souza RF, Silva CHL, Paranhos
HF. Antimicrobial action of sodium hypochlorite and castor
oil solutions for denture cleaning-in vitro evaluation. Braz
Oral Res 2015; 29: 1-6.
45.
 
Fernandes FHCN, Orsi IA, Villabona CA. Effects of
the peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite on the color
stability and surface roughness of the denture base acrylic
resins polymerized by microwave and water bath methods.
Gerodontology 2013; 30: 18-25.
46.
 
Harrison Z, Johnson A, Douglas WI. An in vitro study
into the effect of a limited range of denture cleaners on
surface roughness and removal of candiada albicans
from conventional heat-cured acrylic resin denture base
material. J Oral Rehabil 2004; 31: 460-7.
47.
 
Neppelenbroek KH, Pavarina AC, Palomari Spolidorio
DM, Sgavioli Massucato EM, Spolidorio LC, Vergani
CE. Effectiveness 0f microwave disinfection of complete
dentures on the treatment of Candida- related denture
stomatitis. Oral Rehabil 2008; 35:836-46.
48.
 
Campanha NH, Pavarina AC, Brunetti IL, Vergani
CE, Machado AL, Spolidorio DMP. Candida albican
sinactivation and cell membrane integrity damage by
microwave irradiation. Mycoses 2007; 50:140-7.
49. Ribeiro DG, Pavarina AC, Dovigo LN, Spolidorio DM,
GiampaoloET, Vergani CE. Denture disinfection by
microwave irradiation: A randomized clinical study. J Dent
2009; 37:666-72.
50. Sesma N, Gil C, Kolikauskas WA, Silva RA, Pannuti CM.
Temperature of denture base resin under different protocols
of microwave irradiation. Braz Dent J 2011;22:388-91.
51. Komiyama EY, Back-BritoGN, Balducci I, Koga-Ito CY.
Evaluation of alternative methods for the disinfection of
tooth brushes. Braz Oral Res 2010; 24: 28-33.
52. Rudd R, SeniaE, McCleskey F, Adams ED. Sterilization
of complete dentures with sodium hypochlorite. J Prosthet
Dent 1984; 51:318-21.
53.
 
Banting DW, Hill SA. Microwave disinfection of dentures
for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Spec Care Dentist
2001; 21:4-8.
54. Silva M, Vergani C, Giampaolo E, Neppelenbroek K,
Spolidorio D, Machado A. Effectiveness of microwave
irradiation onthe disinfection of complete dentures. Int J
Prosthodont 2006; 19:288–93.
55. Sanita´ P, Vergani C, Giampaolo E, Pavarina A, Machado
A. Growth of Candida species on complete dentures: effect
of microwave disinfection. Mycoses 2009; 52:154–60.
56. Senna P, Sotto-Maior B, Silva W, Del Bel Cury A. Adding
denture cleanser to microwave disinfection regimen to
reduce the irradiation time and the exposure of dentures to
high temperatures. Gerodontology 2013; 30:26–31.
57. Aslanimehr M, Rezvani S, Mahmoudi A, Moosavi
N. Comparison of Candida Albicans adherence to
conventional acrylic denture base materials and injection
molding acrylic materials. J Dent 2017; 18: 61-4.
58.
 
Hayran Y, Sarikaya I, Aydin A, HazırTekin Y. Determination
of the effective anti-candidal concentration of denture
cleanser tablets on some denture base resins. J Appl Oral
Sci 2018; 26: e2017007.
 
59.
 
Patil R, Sharma H, Gupta D. Comparative evaluation of
biofilm development of Candida Albicans on abraded
surfaces of heat cure PMMA and Flexi denture material:
An in vitro study. IOSR-JDMS 2016; 15: 130-3.
60.
 
Sundari I, Andayani R, Harahap NF. Comparison of
Candida albicans colony amount in heat-cured acrylic and
thermoplastic nylon resin after immersion in Ulee Kareng
coffee (Coffearobusta). Padjadjaran J Dent 2017;29:48-53.
61. Kodir K, Tanti I, Odang R W. Surface roughness of denture
bases after immersion in fishcake vinegar solution. J Phys:
Conf Ser 2017.
62.
 
Jang DE, Lee JY, Jang HS, Lee JJ, Son MK. Color stability,
water sorption and cytotoxicity of thermoplastic acrylic
resin for denture non metal clasp. J Adv Prosthodont 2015;
7:278-87.
63. Davi LR, Peracini A, Ribeiro Nde Q, Soares RB, da
Silva CH
 
, Paranhos H de F, de Souza RF. Effect of the
physical properties of acrylic resin of overnight immersion
in sodium hypochlorite solution. Gerodontology 2010;
27:297-302.
64. Novais PM, Giampaolo ET, Vergani CE, Machado AL,
Pavarina AC,
 
Jorge JH.The occurrence of porosity in
relines acrylic resins. Effect of microwave disinfect-ion
Gerodontology 2009; 26:65-71.
65.
 
Nandal S, Ghalaut P, Shekhwat H, Gulati MS. New era in
denture base resins: A review. Dent J Adv Studies 2013;
1:136-43.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics