@article { author = {Rokaya, Mohammed and Hadhoud, Fahd and Alkhawas, MoatazBellah}, title = {Dentin Bond Strength Evaluation of Three Root Canal Sealers with Cold Gutta-Percha Lateral Obturation Technique: Push-Out Test Study}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5189}, abstract = {Aim: This study was designed to evaluate dentin bond strength by push-out test of three root canal sealers (IRoot SP, AH Plus, and MTA Fillapex endodontic sealers) with cold gutta-percha lateral obturation technique using push-out test. Methods: A total of 57 human freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth for orthodontic reason were used in this study. All samples were decoronated 16±1mm from the apex and prepared using step-back technique up to master apical file # 40. The specimens were divided randomly into three groups (19 teeth each) according to the type of sealers used; Group 1(IRoot SP), Group 2(AH Plus sealer), and Group 3 (MTA Fillapex sealer). Each group was obturated with cold gutta-percha lateral obturation technique. The specimens were incubated for 7 days at 37oC with 100% humidity. Three sections of 2 mm thickness were obtained at 3, 7 and 11mm from the apex to represent apical, middle and coronal thirdrespectively. The push-out bond strength was determined for each root slice. Values were recorded, tabulated for each group and statistically analyzed. Results: IRoot SP showed the highest mean value of push-out bond strength (7.3±0.2), followed by AH Plus (6.8±0.1) while MTA Fillapex showed the lowest mean value of push-out bond strength (2.9±0.3). Conclusions: IRoot SP and AH plus sealers had greater resistance to push-out than MTA Fillapex sealer. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5189.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5189_db9f5f7827eb1b331c040cdcdd6ce7b3.pdf} } @article { author = {Abu Nahla, Rawand and El Sheikh, Marwa and Gawish, Abeer}, title = {Effect of Topically- Applied Hyaluronan on the Expression of Prolyl 4- Hydroxylase in Gingivitis of Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {8-11}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5190}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the effect of topically applied hyaluronic acid gel (hyaluranon) on gingivitis in diabetic rats. The evaluation based on clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis. Materials and Methods: The present study included seventy rats were included in this study, sixty rats were divided into two main groups according to treatment modality, group I involved thirty rats treated with topical HA, while group II involved thirty rats left untreated. Furthermore groups I and II subdivided into subgroups Ia, IIa were sacrificed on the seventh day, and subgroups Ib, IIb were sacrificed was sacrificed on the day fourteen, negative control compromised five healthy rats, and positive control group compromised five diabetic rats. Harvested gingival specimens were fixed in formalin, then embedded in paraffin wax, and serially sectioned at 4μm for immunohistochemical assessment using Prolyl 4 Hydroxylase A1(P4HA1). Results: Immunohistochemical evaluation using P4HA1 revealed a significant difference between all groups. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5190.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5190_348220e7653d9db819561f62ec50ef6e.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Heba and Fathy, Atef and Essam, Eman}, title = {Effect of Different Types of Luting Cements on Retention and Marginal Adaptation of Implant-Supported Crowns (An in Vitro Study)}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {13-21}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5191}, abstract = {Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retention values and marginal adaptation of implant- supported metal copings using different luting agents. Material and Method: Forty implant fixtures and solid abutments of 7mm heightwere embedded vertically in epoxy resin blocks. Metal copings with a loop on the occlusal surface were fabricated using base metal alloy. The copings were luted using four different cements (Multilink N, Fuji Plus, Fuji1 and Adhesor) under static load of 5kg (n=10). All specimens were subjected to 1000 thermal cycles between 5˚c and 55˚c with a dwell time of 10 seconds in a thermocycling device. Marginal accuracy was detected before and after cementation of all specimens by stereomicroscope. The Tensile force required to dislodge the copings were determined by a computer controlleduniversal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/ min.The force in Newton(N) required to remove the copings was recorded. Data was collected and statistically analyzed.Results: Multilink N and Fuji1 had the highest and the least mean retentive strength respectively. There was no significant difference between MultilinkN, Fuji Plus and Adhesor. The absolute marginal discrepancies of cements were in reducing order zinc phosphate , resin modified glass ionomer, glass ionomer and resin cement.Conclusion: within the conditions of this study, resin cement, the resin modified glass ionomer and zinc phosphate had statistically the same retentive quality and are recommended for definitive cementation of single implant-supported restoration. Different luting media had a definite effect over the final fit of all metal copings, but they were all within the clinically accepted level of 100 μm. }, keywords = {Implant supported crowns,retention,marginal accuracy}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5191.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5191_236b4656a395fbc86e5d0a4d07363b51.pdf} } @article { author = {Khemakhem, Enass and Mandour, Mona and Amin, Rania}, title = {Fracture Strength and Retention of All-Ceramic Endocrowns Luted Using Two Different Resin Cements}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {23-31}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5192}, abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance and retention of CAD/CAM endocrowns and conventional glass fiber post supported crowns. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four (N=64) sound mandibular molars were endodontically treated and randomly assigned into 2 groups (n=32 each) according to the type of restoration constructed; Group (E): Endodontically treated teeth restored with IPS e.max CAD, lithium disilicate based, endocrowns and Group (P): Endodontically treated teeth restored with glass-fiber posts, composite cores and IPS e. max CAD crowns. Samples of each group were further subdivided into 2 subgroups (n=16 each) according to the type of adhesive resin cement used. the samples were thermocycled (2000 cycle, between 5oC-55oC). Samples were mountedin a universal testing machine and loaded to failure at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm / min. The failure loads were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc significance difference tests. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05. The pull-out test was performed on a universal testing machine and the values obtained were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)) and multiple comparison test of Tukey, with level of significance at P<0.05. Results: Statistical analysis using twowayanalysis of variance (ANOVA) test revealed no statistically significant difference in failure load among the four tested subgroups (at P< 0.05). Endocrowns recorded statistically significant mean higher fracture load values (1729.91N±407.9) compared to post retained crowns, (1435.84±405.2). Statistical analysis using two ways analysis of variance (ANOVA) test revealed a statistically significant difference in debonding load among the four tested subgroups (at P<0.05). Tukey’s post hoc test revealed a significant difference between each two subgroups. The highest mean debonding loadwas recorded in the subgroup (PR) (96.98N±4.47), whereas the least value was recorded in the subgroup (EM) (49.48N±3.81). Conclusions: lithium disilicate based endocrown restorations increase the fracture resistance of endodontically treated molars compared to conventional crowns associated with glass fiber posts and resin composite filling cores.}, keywords = {Endocrown _ CAD/CAM _ FRCs _ Fracture strength_Endodontically treated teeth}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5192.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5192_1e7d674f2d8ebfed48ad669a7338e084.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Hend and Niazy, Maha and Riad, Mona and Yaseen, Asmaa}, title = {In-vivo Bond Degradation Resistance and In-vitro Degree of Conversion of Bulk Fill Versus Nano Filled Resin Composite Restoratives}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {33-40}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5193}, abstract = {Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate bulk fill and nanohybrid resin compositeat different cavity depth and after different testing periods. Materials & methods: Standardized simple box class II occluso-mesial (OM) cavitieswere prepared in the selected first maxillary premolar in each quadrant. The cavity depth was adjusted to be either 2mm or 4mm in each patient. For the bulkfill composite, both the two and four-millimeters cavities, one increment of the resin composite material (Xtra-fil) was packed inside the cavity while for the nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio), the four millimeters cavities were filled incrementally by packing two increments of 2mm thickness while for the two millimeters cavities one increment (2mm) was packed to fill the cavity and light cured for 20 seconds, finished, polished and leftfor the assigned time. The restored tooth was extracted atraumatically and teeth were sectioned to produce beam-shaped specimens of (1 ± 0.1 mm2). The beam specimens were attached with cyanoacrylate gel to fit the Instron Universal testing machine. The tensile load was applied at a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/minute until specimen failureoccurred. At this point the failure load in Newton was recorded. Results: Cavity depth of 2 mm showed the highest significant mean microtensile bond strength compared with that of 4 mm. Nanohybrid resin composite showed thehighest significant mean micro tensile compared with Bulkfill resin composite. The testing period of 24 hours showed highest significant mean microtensile bond strength that one tested after 3 and 6 months.Conclusion: (1) cavity depth has an apparent influence on tensile bond strength of the tested restoratives to dentin. (2) Microtensile bond strength of the tested restorations deteriorates by aging. }, keywords = {Bulkfill Resin Composite,Nannofilled Resin Composite,microtensile bond strength}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5193.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5193_e31ca60593778b18ecb636beec073081.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Hend and Shoreibah, Eatemad and Abd El Hamid, Mohamed and Mansour, Mai}, title = {Guided Bone Regeneration Around Titanium Implants With Various Hydroxyapatite Particles In Surgically Created Defect. An Experimental Study}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {41-48}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5194}, abstract = {Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of various types of Hydroxyapatite, Nano- hydroxyapatite, Micro-hydroxyapatite and mixed hydroxyapatite particles as a bone substitute in the treatment of experimental induced surgical defects around dental implants. Materials and methods: Eight healthy adult male experimental dogs were subjected to surgical removal of the third mandibular premolar (P3) bilaterally then received immediate implants in the fresh sockets where surgical defects were created distal to each implants and filled randomly with Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Micro- Hydroxyapatite and Mixed Hydroxyapatite particles. The defects were randomly divided into four groups according to the received type of Hydroxyapatite particles as follows: Group I (GI): eight surgically created defects without any adding bone grafts. Groups II (GII): eight surgically created defects which treated with Hydroxyapatite of Nanosizedparticles. Group III (GIII): eight surgically created defects which treated with Hydroxyapatite of Micro-sized particles. Group IV (GIV): eight surgically created defects which treated with mixture of Nano-sized and Micro-sized Hydroxyapatite particles. Result: Histomorphomertric analysis using H&E stains revealed that, the greatest mean value of area percent was recorded in Group II (Nano hydroxyapatite bone graft) (31.39±1.6), whereas the lowest mean value was recorded in group I (No bone graft was added) (3.78±0.62). ANOVA test revealed a significant difference between all groups at 2 months (P<0.0001).Masson Trichrome stain showed that The greatest value of mean area percent of collagen fibers was recorded in Group IV (Mixture of Nano hydroxyapatite and Micro hydroxyapatite bone graft) (23.5±6.08), while the lowestvalue of mean area percent of collagen fibers was recorded in group I (in which there was no bone graft added) was (10.965±3.348). ANOVA test, revealed statistically significant difference in mean value of area percent of collagen fibers upon compar-  }, keywords = {Implants,osseointegration,Hydroxyapatite,surgically,created defects}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5194.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5194_f3da00e13950a0409c602e034c08e144.pdf} } @article { author = {Binbarek, Riam and El-Shall, Ossama and Mansour, Mai}, title = {Effect of Smoking on the Expression of Human Beta-Defensin-2 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid after Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {49-55}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5195}, abstract = {Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of smoking on the expression of hβD-2 in the GCF after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Subjects & Methods: Ten non-smokers patients with chronic periodontitis and ten smoker patients with chronic periodontitis with age ranged between 25-40 years were selected for this study. All patients were examined with clinical periodontal parameters. Patients in both groups underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy combined with a maintenance program (including brushing with regular toothpaste). GCF samples were collected all patients at baseline, one month as well as 3 months after periodontal therapy. Quantification of β-defensin-2 in human samples was measured using hβD-2 ELISA test. Results: Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in relative improvement in all clinical parameters as well as an increase in hβD-2 levels. In addition, GCF levels of hβD-2 were higher after non-surgical treatment in non-smoker groups than smokers. Conclusions: Deficiency of hβD-2 possibly could be related to host/microbial interaction and Smoking could modulate secretion of hβD-2, which represents a local defense dysfunction. }, keywords = {Beta defensins-2,Chronic,periodontitis,Smoking}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5195.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5195_63f169039825a12b62d5749547e308a0.pdf} } @article { author = {Allam, Amira and Marei, Tarek and Abd Elsamad, Fatma and Mekheimar, Sayed}, title = {The Effects of Two Different Palatal Expanders on Nasal and Pharyngeal Airway Volumes as Measured by CBCT}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {52-62}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5196}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of memory palatal split screw (Memorax) to that of conventional Hyrax rapid palatal expanders on nasal and pharyngeal airway volumes, which were measured and recorded by Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted over 14 subjects of adolescent patients with bilaterally constricted maxillary arches, the sample contained 12 females and 2 males, with age ranged from 12ys to 15ys, with a mean of 13.6 ± 1.4. The sample was divided into two age matched groups, the Memorax group(N=7) subjects with a mean age of 13.5 ± 0.4, received the memory palatal split screw appliance (Memorax). The Hyrax group (N=7) subjects with a mean of 13.4 ± 1 were received the conventional Hyrax palatal expander. For all subjects taking part in the study, maxillofacial CBCTs and NOSE questionnaire records were taken before expansion (T1) and after 3 months at the time of removal of the expanders (T2). Data were explored for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normality. Paired t test was used to compare mean values of before and after treatment. Independent (unpaired) testwas used to compare between the two groups. Results: Memorax showed a significant increase in nasal airway volume as well as naso- , palato- and total pharyngeal airway volume. While Hyrax showed a non- significant decrease in the palatopharyngeal airway volume. Both groups showed a non- significant difference in the glossopharyngealairway volume as well as in the NOSE questionnaire results. Conclusion: Memorax could be used in patients suffered from symptomatic nasal obstruction due to bilateral maxillary constriction, in order to improve their breathing as a primary purpose as well as treating malocclusion. It also may be advantageous because it shortens the maxillaryexpansion period, provides additional expansion in the retention period and generates light forces relative to the conventional Hyrax screw. }, keywords = {Palatal expanders,Airway,nasal,pharyngeal,CBCT}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5196.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5196_b904c33906625a0e4b4cda4d932d4e26.pdf} } @article { author = {Tamimi, Sara and Essam, Eman and El Guindy, Jylan}, title = {Effect of Different Preparation Designs on the Fracture Load of Two Machinable Laminate Veneers}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {63-70}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5197}, abstract = {Aim: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of different preparation designs [window, butt- Joint, and incisal overlap], on the fracture load of two CAD / CAM laminate veneer materials [Zirconia CAD / CAM and resinnanoceramic ; lava ultimate].Materials and Methods: Thirty maxillary anterior teeth were restored with ceramic laminate veneers and divided into 6 groups as follows: group I-A (laminates made of Ultra translucent zirconia CAD with window preparation design), group I-B (laminates made of Ultra translucent zirconia CAD with butt-joint preparation design), group I-C (laminates made of Ultra translucent zirconia CAD with incisal overlap preparation design), group II-A (laminates made of Lava ultimate (Resin nano ceramic) CAD with window preparation design), group II-B (laminates made of Lava ultimate CAD with butt-joint preparation design), group II-C (laminates made of Lava ultimate CAD with incisal overlap preparation design). Fracture load test was performed using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Data were statistically analyzed using One-way analysis of variance ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisontest. The results of the fracture load test were recorded in Newton: (I-A: 288.08N);(I-B: 322.47N); (I-C: 365.38N); (II-A: 301.15N); (II-B: 324.94N); (II-C: 394.95N). The results of the current study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the means of fracture load for window, butt-joint and incisal overlap preparation designs among zirconia material. While, there was statistically highly significant difference between the means of fracture load for window, butt-joint and incisal overlap preparation designs among Lava ultimate material. The mean of fracture load for incisal over-lap preparation design was the highest, followed by butt-joint and window designs. Nonetheless, there were no statistically significant differences between translucent zirconia and lava ultimate regarding the fracture loadamong window, butt-joint and incisal overlap preparation designs.}, keywords = {Laminate veneer,translucent zirconia,Lava ultimate resin nano,Ceramics}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5197.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5197_e753ca18d2aeea5a182cb7ba36b43859.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Hosieny, Rabab and Ibrahim, Samir and Abd El-Samad, Fatma and Hafez, Hend}, title = {Evaluation of Low Intensity Laser on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {71-78}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5198}, abstract = {Objective: to evaluate the effect of low intensity laser therapy on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in adolescent females. Materials and Methods: A sample of 10 patients with an age range of 14-18 years requiring extraction of first premolars was selected for this study. A randomized split-mouth study design was used. A nickeltitanium closed-coil spring was used for canine retraction on mini-implants. The study side received low intensity laser therapy (LILT) from a semiconductor (aluminium gallium arsenide) diode laser with a wavelength of 910 nm. The laser regimen was appliedon days 0, 3, 7, and 14 in the first month, and thereafter on every 15th day until complete canine retraction was achieved on both sides. Tooth movement was measured on progress models every 60 days. Results: The rate of canine retraction showed statistical significant higher rate on study side than that on the control side. Conclusions: The results revealed that, the ratio of the rate of orthodontic tooth movement of the laser side to the control side was (1.09); throughout the study period which was 6 months. }, keywords = {LILT,canine retraction,accelerated tooth movement}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5198.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5198_f0fb52b4dfa21fcc7e9f80d8679cba2c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El Wahab, Sahar and El-Sharkawy, Zynab}, title = {Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Image and Push Out Bond Strength of Conventional and Reinforced Fiber Posts.}, journal = {Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {79-94}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch}, issn = {2537-0308}, eissn = {2537-0316}, doi = {10.21608/adjg.2017.5199}, abstract = {Statement of problem: Surface treatment of reinforced fiber posts may not always increase adhesion, especially on post/resin based luting agent interface which is weaker than the dentin/adhesive interface. Relatively little information is available on cone beam computed tomography as non-destructive method suitable for investigating the details of the tooth structure and restoration relationship. Purpose: The purpose of this study was performed to evaluate porosities and gaps at post/ root dentin interface by CBCT and correlate them to push out bond strength of conventional and reinforcedglass fiber posts after different surface treatments; hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen peroxide and sandblasting. Materials and Methods: Forty human maxillary central incisors were selected, decoronated to set the remaining tooth length to standardized length of 13mm from the root apex and endodontically treated. The prepared roots were randomlydivided into 2 fiber post groups(20 per each). Group 1: white posts DC were selected. Group 2: easy-postsTM were selected. Within each group, posts were further subdivided into 4 subgroups (5 per each) according to surface treatments of the posts. Subgroup A: no treatment, the posts acting as control group. Subgroup B: etching by 9% buffered hydrofluoric acid for 1 minute and bonding. Subgroup C: immersion in 20% H2O2 for 15 minutes and double application of silane for 1 minute per each application. Subgroup D: sandblasting by alumina particles and silainization for 1 minute.Posts were cemented inside roots using Duo-link UniversalTM resin cement. Samples were examined by CBCT scans to evaluate voids and porosities. The CBCT scans of intra canal posts were measured in the axial plane. All measurements were made at cervical and middle slices in the buccal, lingual, mesial & distal directions. Each specimen was transversely sectioned perpendicular to the long axis of the root to obtain a section 2 mm ± 0.1 in thickness from the root thirds as measured using a digital caliper. Each section was coded and photographed from apical and coronal surfacesusing a stereomicroscope.. Three-way analysis of variance ANOVA test of significance was done comparing variables (post, surface treatment and radicular region) affecting mean values. One way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test was performed }, keywords = {Fiber post-Cone beam computed,tomography-Push out bond,strength-Resin cement}, url = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5199.html}, eprint = {https://adjg.journals.ekb.eg/article_5199_f8a9ddc75e06b9375a9a26d84bf9a8a9.pdf} }